Green Revolution | Merits and demerits of Green revolution.

What is Green Revolution?

The new agricultural strategy was adopted in India during the third plan that is during 1960'S. As suggested by the term of exports of the food foundation in its report. India's crisis of food and steps to meet it in 1959 the government decided to shift the strategy followed in agriculture sector of the country. The traditional agricultural practices followed in India are gradually being replaced by modern technology and agricultural practices.

Merits of Green Revolution in India (Good Impact):

(i) Increased in agricultural production: Due to the adoption of new agricultural strategy the volume of agricultural production and productivity has recorded manifold increase the production of wheat, rice, maize and potatoes has increased substantially.

(ii) Increasing in employment opportunities: The introduction of new agricultural strategy has led to considerable expansion of agricultural employment. Due to the introduction of multiple cropping job opportunities in the rural areas has also expanded as the demand for third workers required for farms activities Increased simultaneously.

(iii) Strengthening the forward and backward linkages: Although the traditional linkages between the agriculture and industry were existing since a long back. But the Green revolution has strengthened the linkages strong forward linkage of agriculture with industry was noticed even in the traditional agriculture as the agriculture supplied various inputs to industries.

Demerits of Green Revolution (Limitations):

(i) Increase in regional disparities: Introduction of new technology in agriculture has widened the regional disparities as only some regions will endowed with resources and irrigation potential have benefited most term of the introduction of modern technology. The coverage of Green revolution has been raised from a more 1.89 million heaters in 1966-67 to only 71.3 million heaters in 1994-95 which accounts to nearly 42 percent of gross cropped area of the country.

(ii) Inter personal Inequalities: Green revolution has create some impact on inter personal inequalities. But economics are divided on this issue some micro level studies rival that inter personal inequalities have entered but some other studies show that the degree of inter personal inequalities have other narrowed down or remained neutral.

(iii) No response from small and marginal farmers: Small and marginal farmers in India could not be able to adopt new technology due to their poor financial condition and poor credit worthless majority of rural household having small size of land or no land has derived negligible benefit from this new technology.

(iv) Market oriented: Introduction of new technology in agriculture has transformed the farmers market oriented. Indian farmers are mostly depending on market for getting their inputs are well as for selling their inputs. Moreover farmers are also depending much on institutional credit available in the market to meet cost of adopting of new technology.

(v) Change in attitudes: Green revolution has contributed favourably to change the attitudes of farmers in India. Agricultural operation has enhanced it status from subsistence activity to commercial farming due to the adopting to new strategy. Wolf Ludejin Sky observed that, where the ingredients for new technology are available no farmer denies there effectiveness.

(vi) Unwanted social consequences: Green revolution has also raised certain unwanted social consequences. Various social economic studies have confirmed these consequences. Green revolution Paros the way for frames farming a large number of tenants and share due to large scale eviction of tenants by large farmers as they fined large scale farming is highly profitable.

Important features of Green Revolution:

Following are the some important features or characteristics of Green revolution-

(i) Revolutionary: The Green revolution is considered as revolutionary in character as it is based as new technology, new ideas, new application of inputs like- HYV seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, water, patricides, etc. As all these were bought suddenly are spread quickly to attain the dramatic results thus it is termed as the revolution in Green agriculture.

(ii) HYV seeds: The most important strategy followed in Green revolution in the application of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds. Most of these HYV seeds are the due art variety (shouter stature) and matures in the short term period of time and can be useful where the sufficient and assumed water supply is available. Thus seeds also refute four to ten times more of fertilizers than that of traditional variety.

(iii) Confined to wheat revolution: Green revolution has been largely confined to wheat crop neglecting the other crops. The Green revolution was for the first time introduced to wheat cultivation in those areas where sample quantity of water was available throughout the year through irrigation.

(iv) Narrow speared: There are covered through Green revolution was initially very narrow as it was very much confined to Punjab, Haryana and Western Utter Pradesh only. It is only in recent years that coverage of Green revolution is gradually being extended to other states like West Bengal, Assam, Kerala and other southern states.